Despite global advancements in digital infrastructure, the Global South—encompassing countries such as India, Kenya, Uganda, Bangladesh, Nigeria, Cameroon, Ghana, Tanzania and Nepal—continues to experience critical challenges in ensuring last-mile digital access. As per the International Telecommunication Union (ITU, 2023), 2.6 billion people globally remain unconnected to the internet, the majority of whom are concentrated in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Even among those who are nominally connected, meaningful connectivity—defined by regular, safe, affordable, and effective access to digital technologies—is severely limited. This digital exclusion exacerbates existing social inequalities, including income poverty, gender digital divides, and violations of fundamental rights such as access to information, digital education, and civic participation.
The gender digital divide remains particularly stark. According to GSMA’s Mobile Gender Gap Report (2023), women in LMICs are 19% less likely than men to use mobile internet, a figure that rises significantly in rural and marginalised geographies. This divide is not merely technological but reflects broader structural inequalities in education, mobility, income, and societal norms. Digital exclusion in such contexts directly correlates with the violation of socio-economic rights and obstructs the realisation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially SDG 1 (No Poverty), SDG 5 (Gender Equality), and SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure).
The Global Digital Empowerment Network (GDEN) emerges in response to this persistent inequity. While many countries across the Global South have demonstrated innovative models and pilots in digital inclusion—led by non-profits, community-based networks, and decentralised policy experimentation—these remain largely unscaled due to structural impediments. Governments often fail to institutionalise successful pilot models into policy frameworks; development organisations struggle with chronic underfunding and inadequate human resource capacity; and private sector actors often abstain from investing in low-income areas due to weak financial incentives. Consequently, transformative models remain isolated as temporary interventions rather than systemic change agents.
GDEN aims to form a multi-stakeholder, transnational research and advocacy network that addresses these structural barriers and facilitates a shift from pilot solutions to systemic implementation. The network will engage with policy makers from the Global South to explore digital policies that integrate poverty alleviation, gender inclusion, and rights-based access to technology. It will collaborate with developmental and social organisations, using proven models such as those developed by the Digital Empowerment Foundation (DEF) in India, to demonstrate scalable interventions for last-mile digital access. The network will establish a baseline of partner organisations, engage in context-sensitive, evidential research, and build alliances with government platforms and multilateral agencies to influence digital public infrastructure development.

